Literature
- Kirkpatrick, P.A. and P.R. Pugh 1984. Siphonophores and Velellids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No. 29. Brill/Backhuys, London.
- Totton, A.K. 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. British Museum (Natural History). London, 230 pp, 153 figs, 40 pls.
- Vanhöffen, E. 1906a. Siphonophoren. Nordisches Plankton, 6(11): 9-37. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel. (Reprint Asher & Co., Amsterdam, 1964).