Literature
- Kirkpatrick, P.A. and P.R. Pugh 1984. Siphonophores and Velellids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No. 29. Brill/Backhuys, London.
- Totton, A.K. 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. British Museum (Natural History). London, 230 pp, 153 figs, 40 pls.
- Totton, A.K. and J.H. Fraser 1957b. Siphonophora. Suborder: Physonectae. Families Various. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 62 (1955). Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Kopenhagen.