Literature
- Helfer, H. 1936. Pantopoda. Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, XIa: 1-5.
- King, P.E. 1974. British Sea Spiders. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 5.
- Sars, G.O. 1891. Pycnogonidea. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 1876-1878, XX: 1-163.