Literature
- Kramp, P.L. 1959. The hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report 46: 1-283; 2 plates, 335 text figures.
- Russell, F.S. 1939. Hydromedusae. Family: Tubulariidae. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 2 (1938). Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Kopenhagen.