Literature
- Spoel, S. van der 1972. Pteropoda Thecosomata. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton, 140-142 (.
- van der Spoel, S., L. Newman and K.W. Estep 1997. Pelagic Molluscs of the World. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Version 1.0. ETI, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.