Literature
- Bigelow, H.B 1911. The Siphonophorae. Reports of the scientific research expedition to the tropical Pacific "Albatross" XXIII. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., 38(2): 173-402.
- Kirkpatrick, P.A. and P.R. Pugh 1984. Siphonophores and Velellids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No. 29. Brill/Backhuys, London.
- Totton, A.K. 1965. A synopsis of the Siphonophora. British Museum (Natural History). London, 230 pp, 153 figs, 40 pls.